What is the meaning of the title how do pride and prejudice influence Essay

What is the significance of the title how pride and bias impact the novel how does the title change the path for you read the novel would it appear contrast it was called something different - Essay Example The words â€Å"Pride† and â€Å"Prejudice† have been utilized to title the novel. Pride truly is a sign of delight by a person after an achievement while partiality is a demonstration of hatred towards an individual or a gathering. In the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’, the terms â€Å"pride†; â€Å"prejudice,† have widely been utilized to show accentuation on the practices, societies, and the qualities of the fundamental and supporting characters (Austen and Bloom 56). The title of this novel (Pride and Prejudice), somewhat makes the substance of the novel unsurprising. In the plot, preference and pride are showed both by the fundamental characters Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy just as the supporting characters Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley. Contrastingly, the heroes show their pride or partiality in a more straightforward way when contrasted with the minor characters, who somewhat are capricious, and depict their pride or bias by impact instead of direct association (Austen and Thomson 77). For all intents and purposes, in the plot, the primary characters irritate in satisfaction of the title of the novel; as Elizabeth Bennet shows preference through her character, Mr. Darcy shows the character of a person who is both pleased with himself just as where he originates from. The satisfaction of the title is appeared by the principle characters in the primary part (Austen and Thomson 98). In the principal section, Elizabeth’s senior sister Jane, experiences passionate feelings for a rich individual in the character of Mr. Bingley. Apparently, Jane and Mr. Bingley are bound for marriage, however not until partiality and prides are undermining the progression of their relationship. In the connection among Jane and Mr. Bingley, it is prove that the economic wellbeing of either is viewed as a basic factor before settling their marital association. With a wide social hole between them, individuals persuade Mr. Bingley that Jane doesn't cherish him when really Mr. Bingley’s family

The Weather Underground

The 2008 U. S. presidential political decision carried the issue of residential psychological warfare to national consideration when it was accounted for that then-applicant Barack Obama was expertly connected to William â€Å"Bill† Ayers, fellow benefactor of the Weather Underground. The Weather Underground was an aggressor group of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), a national association speaking to the New Left on school grounds. The American open had to go up against the activities of the Weathermen, as they were known, and choose whether or not these previous psychological militants could be acknowledged as individuals from society.Although 60 percent of voters said that it was anything but a legitimate crusade issue in an ABC survey, another 37 percent felt that it was. The Weathermen are unarguably a fascinating part, and a subculture worth investigating. At the hour of their establishing in the mid 1960s, the SDS was a gathering that supported peacefulness a nd followed the ethos of the common noncompliance. By 1969, the SDS had more than 100,000 individuals, and was a main enemy of war gathering. At its pinnacle, infighting seriously divided the gathering during their 1969 convention.In the middle of the infighting, an order that considered themselves the Weathermen took control. They got their name from a Bob Dylan verse, â€Å"You don’t need to realize a meteorologist to know what direction the breeze blows. † They were a gathering of undergrads that were staying up with the latest with the upsets in third world nations, and accepted that a world transformation was up and coming. Bernardine Dohrn, a previous pioneer and fellow benefactor of the Weathermen, said that â€Å"White youth must pick sides now. We should either battle on the persecuted, or be the oppressor. She accepted that the Weathermen should unite with the Black Panthers, yet a conspicuous part said that he saw the Weather Underground as a â€Å"kinderg arten revolution,† and didn’t take them seriously.In that year, a few hundred Weathermen moved into houses, which they called â€Å"collectives,† in lower pay regions since they saw regular workers young people as more important than understudies. In the mean time, the favored understudies as of now in the association started figuring out how to utilize weapons. Laura Whitehorn, one part who lived in a group, said that they would â€Å"eat noodles with garlic spread each day for a considerable length of time. This was an endeavor to solidify them and â€Å"force us to surrender our middle class extravagances. † In these assemblages, monogamy was viewed as awful and Weathermen accepted they were breaking constraint with bunch closeness. The mission was rapidly in progress in the assemblages, with a battle to â€Å"Bring the War Home. † The Weathermen endeavored to make brutality obvious in U. S. urban communities by breaking windows while appropriat ing their flyers. One of the primary significant shows the Weathermen arranged was called â€Å"Days of Rage,† an uprising in Chicago where they intended to go up against police utilizing violence.Inflated reports from the different cooperatives drove initiative to anticipate that changing numbers from the 1000s should the 100,000s to go to the exhibition. In a â€Å"hard impact with reality,† just around 150 to 250 appeared. Pioneers started to understand that they could be considered by and by responsible for the mob, however the occasion had gotten out of their control. The horde destroyed windows while traveling through the city of Chicago. After this, the FBI started to genuinely evaluate the Weathermen. Wear Strickland, a FBI specialist in the 47th â€Å"Weathermen† crew, began leading consistent inquiries of the collectives.December of 1969 end up being a troublesome month in the United States. At a Rolling Stones show, the Hells Angels pack began an upro ar. Charles Manson’s family had become news. Brutal movies from Vietnam were everywhere. Fred Hampton, a Black Panther in Illinois, was executed while in bed during a police attack of his living arrangement. The last occasion specifically influenced Bill Ayers, as he understood that the U. S. government would murder individuals in it’s own urban communities when their capacity was compromised. The gathering started to isolate once more, this time in view of dread. One group felt that the greater the sprinkle, the better, while the other dreaded for their safety.The progressively extreme component started to genuinely arm themselves, with the trademark â€Å"Piece Now. † One part pondered this development, saying that â€Å"When you feel that you have directly on your side, you can do some awful things. † Arguably the main significant dark imprint in the Weather Underground’s history happened in a Greenwich Village townhouse, where individuals were building bombs and wanting to explode them at a noncommissioned officers’ move. A short out in the wiring made the bomb detonate, executing individuals Theodore Gold, Diana Oughton, and Terry Robbins.This is the point at which the FBI started to dedicate a lot of assets to carry the association to equity. Accordingly, the pioneers genuinely went underground and cut off all connections to their families. They met at a group in Northern California so as to reexamine their central goal. It was here that the Weathermen understood that it wasn't right to submit arbitrary brutality against standard individuals so as to punish society for the war in Vietnam. Bill Ayers specifically started to guarantee that nobody would get injured in future bombings and just picked applicable targets.Starting with a police headquarters in New York City, the Weather Underground started shelling different police, military and other government structures. Each time they’d bring in to demand tha t everybody empty the structure. It was here that the individuals from the Weather Underground got admired, as most didn’t anticipate that them should pull off it for in excess of a couple of months. Living as bandits, they were regularly contrasted with Bonnie and Clyde or Butch Cassidy. The pioneers, at the time called the â€Å"Weather Bureau,† started making excursions to the different safe houses, imparting data to individuals on a severe â€Å"need to know† principle.This mystery helped them evade the FBI’s standard law requirement procedures, however the FBI rushed to adjust. They invaded the Weather Underground utilizing covert operators. These operators were blamed for spreading â€Å"divisive stories,† and even genuinely assaulting individuals. A gathering called the Citizen’s Commission to Investigate the FBI broke into a FBI office in Media, PA, and took reports depicting COINTELPRO, which secured a wide scope of secretive law im plementation strategies intended to separate both the counter war development and the dark force movement.They released the data to the press. These methods were viable, and the New Left started to lose its steam. As dark force and against war conclusion blurred, the left separated into different causes, including the Women’s Liberation Front and gay rights. At the point when the Vietnam War finished in 1975, the Weather Underground had totally lost its feeling of direction. In the first place, Mark Rudd handed himself over to the District Attorney in NY. Bernardine Dohrn before long followed. In the end, the whole authority handed themselves over, yet not very many were indicted due to the FBI’s demonstrated misconduct.Works Cited Berger, Dan. Bandits of America: The Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity. Oakland, CA: AK, 2006. Print. Rudd, Mark. Underground: My Life with SDS and the Weathermen. New York: William Morrow, 2009. Print. Varon, Jeremy. Bringi ng the War Home: the Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies. Berkeley: University of California, 2004. Print. The Weather Underground. Dir. Sam Green and Bill Siegel. Perf. Bill Ayers, Bernardine Dohrn, Mark Rudd. The Free History Project, 2002. DVD.

How to Become More Productive as an Entrepreneur

How to Become More Productive as an Entrepreneur It is not a secret that becoming, and staying, a successful entrepreneur is a risky undertaking. The failure rate (indicative of the risks) of a new business is around 71% by year 10 (and is about 25% within the first year) .How can an entrepreneur beat the odds and see his or her dream come true? The success stories know the secrets of how to manage their work focus on what is important and prioritize. How to actually do this should be clearly defined and implemented by you as the leader from the very beginning. © Shutterstock.com | LightspringIn this article, we look at tips for 1) managing your work, and 2) managing your personal energy in order to become more productive as an entrepreneur.MANAGING YOUR WORKFocus On What Is ImportantEverything initially depends on an entrepreneur as a person. What separates the winners from the losers is developing the right mindset and applying it constantly.Being an entrepreneur can be confusing, frustrating and downright scary if you don’t have the mentality it takes. Here a some key mindset points to develop in yourself as you move ahead.Who you are. What are your strengths and weaknesses? What makes you want to accomplish what others can’t. What personal weaknesses might limit your progress? Being honest with yourself is crucial to being “doer” not a “left behind”.Your dream. As the words to an old motivational song say, “If you don’t have a dream, how are you going to make your dream come true?” Dream in large and practical terms. And, it’s important to absolutely love what you’re doing.Persevering. Don’t let others’ words or actions hurt your enthusiasm. When someone criticizes, consider the source and motivation. Jealousy and lack of knowledge are two major ones. While you are persevering, move fast and hustle. Refuse to take “no” for an answer. Keep your emotions under control as well.Learning. Things can and probably will change as your ideas move ahead. Honestly study the positive and negative aspects and how you affected them personally. You might even want to create a to do or not to do “Commandments” list as you go along. Refer to it. If you have chosen a creative team and not “yes persons”, their ideas can be a great source for learning too.Finding guidance. Blunt as it seems, what you attempting probably been tried before. Look for examples of what has happened to other top entrepreneurs and adapt what is valid for you and your goals.Adapting. Flexibility is important as you deve lop your entrepreneurial dynasty. Stay with what is working and replace what is not constantly and in real time.Balancing work and personal. Being an entrepreneur can literally take over your life and you let it, especially in terms of stress. Yes stay dedicated, but remember personal time and fun are important too. Take time off for Happy Hour when it’s necessary.Time ManagementRandy Pausch Lecture: Time Management Now that your mindset is in place you need to focus on saving time.Don’t Waste TimeSome general tips are develop your routines eating breakfast, making and editing the daily task list, etc. Then combine a series of time-saving habits to combine with your routines. The key here is to get to the point that the basic day-to-day tasks become automatic or at least semi automatic. This frees up your physical and mental time.Once you have free time, be strategic on how you use it. A good rule of thumb is to make specific decisions on how your time will be spent every hour. If you don’t decide about how your day will go, it is very easy to lose time to distractions.Email managementWhile we are on the subject of time, let’s address what is probably the biggest time waster email. To get your email organized and under control, here are some tricks. Only email if necessary. Make sure your email content is clear, short and doesn’t require questions. If you don’t want to answer a lot of emails, don’t send a lot of emails. Don’t CC people who you don’t actually need to respond. Monitor your newsletter subscriptions. (If the content is not helpful, unsubscribe.) Organize and file your emails according to importance.CalendarsGoogle offers a set of business tools that includes Gmail, Google Docs, the G+ plus Social Media site, Calendars, Hangouts (group chats) websites and a wide variety of other handy and free tools. Your calendar is simply part of comprehensive, free set of Google tools.Delegating TasksRemember that your role as the entrepreneu r is to build the company, not to manage all the small details of it. So, specific attention should be given to delegating effectively. Find someone to do the easy tasks that don’t require an expert. On the opposite side, find someone for the tasks which do require expertise. Clarify all duties and responsibilities from the start. Open up clear communication channels. Let those you delegate to contribute so they become more valuable over time. When your delegation plan is in place, go back to your mindset and let your team do what they are supposed to do (but don’t micro-manage).Tools To Increase Your Productivity And EfficiencyNow that you have your time organized what about productivity?In today’s entrepreneurial world, you have to become tech savvy in a hurry. If you don’t, you simply cannot compete in regard to all aspects of productivity management, such as time, costs, data manipulation, sales marketing, human resources any aspect of your business. The days of giving your team a station with a PC with Microsoft Office and Outlook, letting them respond to and file business emails and documents, and making them use only their stations is history. It simply doesn’t work in today’s business climate, especially for entrepreneurs.Think online and automated. There are numerous softwares and online applications that are available for free or for a free trial with paid upgrade. These allow you to keep all important documents, emails and data available for use 24/7 in real time. They allow you and your team incredible flexibility. Business can be conducted from anywhere at anytime on laptops, smart phones, notebooks and tablets. Perhaps the best thing is that competition between the various providers is fierce. So the softwares are designed to make use easy, fast and understandable. They are also highly automated. The term you need to understand to describe these systems is “doing business in the Cloud”. It pays to fully learn how this applies to you and your business.Where do you start? We can’t do a comprehensive analysis in one article but here are some ideas regarding productivity improvement tools.To Do ListMany entrepreneurs still prefer to make their own hand written lists. While this is fine, but it is not the most efficient way stay on top of what you need to do. One of the pretty designed and simple to use application is Wunderlist.Project Management ToolsA very popular option is Evernote. This free service stores all of your notes, ideas, plans and photos in one easy-to-access platform. You can even install the Evernote Web Clipper on your Internet browser so you can save and file information sites you think you will need later.Trello is popular too. Trello says it makes it easy to organize anything with anyone. Drop the lengthy email threads, out-of-date spreadsheets, no-longer-so-sticky notes, and clunky software for managing your projects and organizing your important stuff.Finally, Asana assures that you ca n send tasks, not emails and that conversations are kept with your work, so you’ll spend less time in email, and more time getting things done. Be aware that you might have to integrate one or more of these programs to get the results you want.Meeting software /TeleconferencingIf you want to get a group of business associates or potential customers together for a prepared, formal presentation without spending time on travelling, teleconferencing is the way to do it. For a reasonable price, services such as GoToMeeting allow you to conduct meetings, webinars or training presentations from your computer, iPad, iPhone or Android access. You can even share documents on your screen and be face to face with your participants if you and they have a webcam. Those attending have the choice of watching via the Internet or by calling in by phone. These softwares usually give the host the option to make a video or podcast of the meetings so those that registered and missed the event can see w hat was covered.Virtual AssistantNow that you are up-to-date technically, you should consider who is going to manage your automation? This brings up the topic of using Virtual Assistants (VA). The simple definition of a VA is someone who works for you “off premises”. Different entrepreneurs have different reasons for hiring a VA. Some of them are:Their business is growing and they can’t keep up with the daily tasks.They become overwhelmed by scheduling meetings, calls or emails.They want to focus on only the work they want to do.They realize that someone else can do something better than they can.They find themselves ignoring core tasks.They have a conflict between their business needs and personal errands.They have no time for thinking and planning.MANAGING YOUR PERSONAL ENERGYIt quickly becomes obvious that an entrepreneur needs to manage their personal energy as well as their business in order to stay productive and efficient. Not doing this leads to exhaustion and or stres s. This can then lead to make bad business decisions. Ultimately it could lead to your business failing.Putting time aside time for your health is absolutely crucial to living a balanced lifestyle. Michael Wolfe, CEO of ccLoop, Inc. sums up the health issue this way.“You cannot mentally set up a conflict between a successful career and a fulfilling life. We all know that you can really only be productive for a limited number of hours per week. We also know that you need to have a happy personal life to be effective at work and to be a great co-worker to other folks. You also need to be fit and well-rested to be creative and productive. Since you know this, act on it, and insist the rest of your company does as well.”Having a mixture of in-house and out-of-house health-building activities helps cure boredom. And keep in mind that you get better results by doing something for your health interspersed throughout your working day.Healthy FoodCyrus Massoumi, Founder and CEO of ZocDoc states that all of us know that exercise is vital, but so is having a healthy diet. As an example, Massoumi cites that in the first year after establishing ZocDoc, he lost a lot of weight because he scheduled regular visits with a private dietitian. She taught him to keep and use a food diary, which they would periodically review together. The result was that Masoumi lost 25 pounds in 12 months, just by eating consciously.Taking vitamins as part of a successful health regime is often overlooked. Successful entrepreneurs tend to favor taking multi vitamin and mineral supplements. B12, C, D, and fish-oil pills are often mentioned as essential. The key here is to actually remember that taking steps to protect your health is a daily necessity, not just once in a while.SportsSport options for staying mentally and physically fit could include jogging, biking, swimming, or some other sport that you enjoy.Meditation And YogaYoga and periodic daily meditation, or a combination thereof have been a source of physical and spiritual rejuvenation for thousands of years. If you know yoga, practice it. If you don’t, maybe it would be worth your while to learn at least some basics.There are several technics you can learn how to meditate correct. After you have leant the basics, you can find a comfortable, quiet, place, close your eyes, breathe deeply, and let you thoughts go where they want to.There is another form of meditation that you may not have considered. One good thing about being your own boss is that you can sleep on the job. And it is recommended that you do. Your body and mind need this periodic recharge to help you stay on top of things. You can take a nap in your chair, on the sofa, on the floor, wherever is most comfortable for you. Many entrepreneurs insist that it is better to let your body tell you when it’s time to wake up, rather than setting an alarm. Turn off your cell phone too.The Art of Stress-Free Productivity: David Allen at TEDxClaremontCollege s ADVICE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFIECIENCY FROM GREAT ENTREPRENEURSUp to this point, we have given you a blueprint for being a more productive entrepreneur. To finish, here are quotes to consider from some of the most successful entrepreneurs today.LaKeshia Grant from Virtual Enterprise Architects, LLC believes that you have to complete what you begin. Don’t let the obstacles you encounter stop you from finishing and don’t ever quit. Why? You never know when there might be an important breakthrough in relation to clients or your business. You will miss it if you never try or give up too early.Tracy D. Solomon from TEVET, LLC. stresses being disciplined every day, and that personal and business distractions are unavoidable but manageable. A suggested formula for staying on track is discipline plus focus plus follow-through equals success.Harvey Nix from Proventix Systems, Inc. recommends saving time by using efficient systems. Nix gives examples such as automating emails, quotes an d proposals and using Customer Resource Management software. He finishes by saying that to stay focused, let your systems help you get your tasks done one by one.Max Kothari from Express Kitchens starts by saying daily exercise helps you stay alert when something unexpected comes up. He applies exercising to only being motivated by making money. This makes you tired and want to give up. Kothari believes that if you have a bigger goal than money and are alert, you will stay motivated and keep keeping on, no matter what issues pop up. He finishes by saying that when you continually work through issues, money will follow your efforts every time.Mary Allen Lindemann from Coffee By Design believes that keeping things simple is best. Try to avoid making something more complicated than has to be. She goes on to advise not taking life too seriously, and that laughter is as important as the air we breathe.The Science of Productivity

Platos Apology And Crito - 1036 Words

In Plato’s â€Å"Apology† and â€Å"Crito†, I believe Socrates’ philosophy of not doing harmful things on purpose, because of ignorance, or the act of doing it unwillingly, is false. First I will show you some contradictions introduced in the books of the Apology, and Crito and explain them. Next, I will explain how in the present day Socrates philosophy is false due to the vices of mankind, with evidence from the Apology, then I will show you how Socrates might argue his point and a counter argument in present day, and finally I will conclude that Socrates’ philosophy is an incorrect philosophy and has many holes within it. Socrates explains that he does not believe that people do harm, to each other nor to themselves, on purpose and if so its unwillingly as he says in the Apology, â€Å"What follows, Meletus? Are you so much why is there at your age than I am at mine that you understand that wicked people always do some harm to their closest nei ghbors while good people do them good but I have reached such a pitch of ignorance that I do not realize this, namely that if I make one of my associates wicked I will I run the risk of being harmed by him so that I do such a great evil deliberately as you say?† (Apology 25e) Socrates is explaining to Meletus that a man does not harm another, because ultimately that will lead to harming oneself. The man that was harmed will come back to do damage to his wrongdoer. However, Socrates himself is doing harm to Meletus by calling him a liar, and whenShow MoreRelatedPlatos Apology And Crito Analysis1873 Words   |  8 PagesTensions between moral philosopher and the faithful citizen of the polis are highlighted in Plato’s Apology and Crito. In the Apology, Socrates is faced with a death sentence at the hands of the state, but ironically is unapologetic in his discourse while defending himself. The Crito, however, displays Socrates in a dialogue where he chooses to engage and characterize the laws as a means of arguing for his faithfulness to the decision of the polis. Indeed, he uses the laws as a rhetorical deviceRead MoreEssay Platos Apology of Socrates and Crito1326 Words   |  6 Pages Socrates Sides With? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through my reading of Platos Apology of Socrates and Crito, I have been able to see how Socrates makes important decisions and what he primarily bases his decisions on. As a individual person we have individual morals which lead us to our own moral or immoral decisions. Sometimes are own morals or beliefs might oppose the views of the state or the enforced law that clams to find justice. In this case we rely on our own beliefs that may be throughRead MoreThe Presentation of Socrates Arguements in Plato’s Apology and Crito792 Words   |  4 PagesIn both Plato’s Apology and Crito, Plato presents Socrates arguments clearly and precisely. Socrates is wise man with a different perspective on life, which presents us with a mass of contradictions. Socrates is an expressive man, yet he never recorded any works. He is ignorant, but wrongfully convicted who is willing to fight his unjust execution. Behind these dilemmas is an opposition not often explor ed. Socrates is the most patriotic of philosophers, who is dedicated to his state. Exploring thisRead MoreEssay on Socrates Fight for Justice1101 Words   |  5 PagesIn Plato’s works Apology and Crito there is an attempt by Socrates to defend himself in court and defend his choice to receive the death penalty when found guilty. Although he makes very valid and strong arguments throughout one can only wonder why such a wise person would choose death over life. The following essay will analyze three quotes from Apology and Crito, find the correlation between them, and reveal any flaws that may exsist inside these arguments made by Socrates. In Plato’s Apology SocratesRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito983 Words   |  4 Pagesevents that have marked the history of humanity on earth. In the following written works, Plato’s Apology and Crito, The Gospel According to Mark, and Dante’s Inferno, religion and politics are shown to be intertwined, which emphasizes the impact of each individual character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics are affected by religion and vice versa. Plato’s Apology and Crito are plays that explain how Socrates, who was considered an honored and the wisest man inRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito977 Words   |  4 Pagesevents that have marked the history of humanity on earth. In the following written works, Plato’s apology and Crito, The gospel according to Mark and Date’s Inferno, in each of these works religion and politics are intertwined to show the impact of these in each character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics are affected by religion and vice versa. In Plato’s Apology and Crito, are two consecutive plays that explain how Socrates, which was considered an honored andRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito976 Words   |  4 Pagesevents that have marked the history of humanity in earth. In the following written works, Plato’s apology and Crito, The gospel according to Mark and Date’s inferno, in each of these work religion and politics are intertwined to show the impact of these in each character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics is affected by religion and vise versa. In Plato’s Apology and Crito are two consecutive plays that explain how Socrates, which was considered an honored and theRead MoreThe Comparison Of Socrates And The Death Of Plato And Plato1292 Words   |  6 PagesFor many years people have been reading and discussing what writings and works mean from cave drawing and different pieces of art to the Bible. Today we will be discussing the The Death of Socrates (Apology Crito and Phaedo) and the author Plato. Plato was a student of Socrates. In these dialogues, he narrates the events leading up to Socrates’ death. To begin I will be discussing the reasons why Plato wrote these dialogues. Leading into the discussion of each dialogue and the importance each workRead MoreThe Reconciliation Of Two Positions1696 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates is renowned for standing up for his beliefs even in the midst of death as portrayed in Plato’s account of Socrates’ defense speech, Apology, in which he gave during his 33 9 B.C. trial. It is in this eminent speech that Socrates is able show the dedication he has for philosophy, even going as far as to say that he would rather die than to ever cease practicing philosophy. On the other hand, in the Crito, a dialogue between Socrates and one of his faithful friends also written by Plato, the readerRead MoreSocrates will Refuse the Jurys Decision1397 Words   |  6 PagesDuring Socrates’ defense against Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon in Plato’s Apology, Socrates states that he will refuse the jury’s decision, regarded as the Law of Athens, if the court were to acquit him on the basis that he stops practicing philosophy. However, later in Plato’s Crito, Socrates explains he cannot escape from prison due to the laws of Athens and thus adheres to the jury’s decision of a death sentence. Despite appearing to contradict himself, Socrates is actually not contradicting himself

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Essay Samples for Ot School That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Essay Samples for Ot School That Only a Few People Know Exist Understanding Essay Samples for Ot School If you don't, it is possible to actually hurt your odds of admission. When you take some time to reference certain characteristics of the program or specific faculty member interest, it usually means that you did your homework and are rather interested in what a specific program has to give you (and how what you need to offer may fit nicely with a specific program). The student understood why he wished to visit this college. Here's the last installment on How best To Answer Why This College. The XYZ Engineering program has historically been and is still a leader in the area of innovation. Along with just science, I'm drawn to State University for different factors. Instead, tell the school why this info is critical, and the way you're make the most of it. It is possible to also have information regarding relevant academic coursework you've completed here to further demonstrate you have both practical and academic experience that it is possible to apply as a graduate student. Essay Samples for Ot School In any case, teens who don't acquire enough sleep have another issue of getting sleepy when driving. My life was overshadowed with caring for people and a wholesome living. Our whole life is the procedure of learning and gaining new useful understanding. Don't speak about your childhood. There are lots of health professions within this world. However, this isn't the only reality we encounter in the modern-day Canadian wellness sector. Education plays a crucial part in shaping successful men and women. We should bear in mind that getting a great education is crucial in the modern society as it's a foundation of our successful future. Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and a suitable structure. Don't guess what you believe the reader would like you to say. Fortunately, in the procedure for articulating these answers, you will also profit in a number of ways. The majority of examples are posted as a member of writing guides published on the internet by educational institutions. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. An essay has to be broken into paragraphs to ensure it is readable. It is not so simple to compose a how-to essay. Your essay should be unique to you. Essay plans instantly provide an essay structure, they stop you from forgetting to incorporate any essential points, and they block you from losing your way as you write. Utilizing reliable sources for research is critical. A self-assessment is essential to gathering the info you must compose a thorough essay. Things You Should Know About Essay Samples for Ot School When you're in high school, it's definite that you're expected to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. You should find the proper resources for your essay along with patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. Commonly requested when you are some inspiration for instance, you get a human. These connections is going to be the skeleton of your essay. Follow them to find out what they're posting about. If you are able to, then attempt to revise to make it only pertinent to OT. Noting and briefly explaining the particular reasons you've got for wanting to develop into an OT (or whatev er it's you wish to be!) Before you write your admissions essay you have to have a comprehension of your objectives and the way in which your experiences to date prepare you for pursuing your aims. An excellent leader needs to be aware of the weaknesses and strengths of the group. You just have to share an experience. The individual should be flexible, organization skills, and tons of patients. The True Meaning of Essay Samples for Ot School Second, that you'll be a great fit for the institution. While everyone needs to be different, personal statement examples can help you brainstorm ideas and provide you with somewhere to start. It's helpful to find different folks to read your statement and supply feedback. The personal statement isn't a confessional booth. Finding Essay Samples for Ot School Making the completion of private finance coursework a requirement for graduation would make sure that young men and women are at least aware of the fundamentals of keeping up a fina ncial stability. Even in case the topics are alike, it's still true that you wish to tailor your writing so that every university your applying to feels as if you're writing it for them. Strategies for instance, including a masters counseling. Participating in such a huge study from begin to finish has validated my interest in academic research for a profession.

North Carolina Gubernatorial Election Free Essays

The election for governor of North Carolina proved to be tightly contested race; with Richard Vinroot the republican candidate gaining support in the weeks immediately prior to the election. Mike Easley had an early advantage, being the democratic incumbent. Easley was the better-known and better-financed candidate, which helped him to an early advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on North Carolina Gubernatorial Election or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, during the final weeks of the campaign the advantage swung to Vinroot as undecided voters were swept up in a republican surge lead by the momentum gained by presidential candidate Bush. With the gubernatorial race growing ever closer, the candidate†s stance on issues began to stand out as the determining factor for many voters. Thus, Democrat Mike Easley was able to gain an advantage not because of party affiliation, but the due to his stance on important issues, one important issue being education. So how did the numbers stake up? Well the final elections showed Mike Easley receiving 1,492,170 votes or 52 percent of the vote; Richard Vinroot received 1,335,862 votes or 47 percent of the vote; the rest of the vote being split between the Libertarian and Reform candidates . The 2000 North Carolina gubernatorial election was closely contested and would be decided not mainly according party affiliation, but by the candidate†s stance on major issues. The Democratic candidate for governor Mike Easley has a strong background, which brought him public favor and votes. Michael F. Easley is 50 years old, was born in Nash County, received a degree in Political Science from the University of North Carolina, and gained a law degree from North Carolina Central University. Easley served as a District Attorney, which gained him a reputation due to his prosecution of drug traffickers. Easley was elected the Attorney General of North Carolina in 1992. He was re-elected in 1996 by a large margin receiving 60 percent on the vote. While he was Attorney General, Easley gained a strong reputation, Easley sought to reduce violent crimes by pushing for a new sentencing structure and removal of the prison cap. Easley was fairly successful, â€Å"Since he took office in 1993, the rate of violent crime in North Carolina has fallen by more than 15%. Easley also gained a strong reputation due to his efforts of attacking consumer fraud, creating a Citizen†s Rights Division, and increasing the environmental section with the creation of an Environmental Crimes Task Force. As Attorney General, Easley also contributed to the national tobacco settlement, and â€Å"Brought nearly $5 billion in revenue to North Carolina to protect farmers, communities and the public health. 2† Mike Easley†s stance on important issues played an important role in the election. One important issue, which Easley highlighted, was his plan for patient†s rights. His plan includes patient privacy and a system that would provide prescription drugs for the elderly. While campaigning Easley outlined his plan for patient†s rights, however he made it apparent that his major concern was his â€Å"No Excuses† approach to education. The main points in Easley†s plan are smaller class sizes, and a pre-kindergarten program. The staple of Easley†s plan is not to raise taxes, with financing coming from a state lottery. Easley†s focuses on three aspects in his education plan; character education, alternative schools, and dress codes. Easley†s education plan states, â€Å"In order to enhance academic performance and safety in our public schools, we must nurture the personal character of young people while demanding that all students be disciplined and appropriately attired. † Candidate Mike Easley brought his strong reputation, and stance on important issues to the gubernatorial campaign in order to gain popular support. Richard Vinroot the Republican candidate for governor also brought his strong reputation and background to the campaign trail. Vinroot like Easley also had a long list of credentials and a strong background, which helped him win public favor. Vinroot was awarded a Morehead Scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill were he received a degree in business administration and later his law degree. Vinroot is also a Vietnam veteran and was awarded a Bronze Star for his service. In 1991, Vinroot was elected mayor of Charlotte and was re-elected in 1993. As mayor of Charlotte Vinroot focused on crime, while he was mayor crime dropped 17 percent. Vinroot also focused on taxpayer relief. One of the major issues in Vinroot†s campaign was also education. Vinroot made it apparent that he supported tax paid vouchers, which gives parents a choice to send their children to the school of their choice. Vinroot†s plan supports home schooling and vouchers for children to attend private schools. Vinroot also supports a pay system for teachers based on merit. Vinroot†s main stance during the campaign was that he continually promised to never raise taxes and offered real change in education. Richard Vinroot gained public support in the gubernatorial campaign with a strong personal background, and by pronouncing never to raise taxes. The Reform candidate, Douglas Schell, and Libertarian candidate, Barbara Howe, offered voters additional choices for governor. However, both candidates played an insignificant role in the election with each candidate receiving about one percent of the vote. Similarly to Easley and Vinroot, both candidates† main issue was education. Howe†s education plan was a tax-based scholarship system giving the student an option when it comes to education. Schell†s stance on education was a plan for initiating a minimum salary for teachers, and focusing on discipline and school standards. However, both candidates were severely under funded; lacking the resources like Easley and Vinroot were able to attain. Thus, the Reform and Libertarian candidates played an insignificant role in the election. Richard Vinroot the republican candidate for governor hoped to ride the coattails of George Bush. Vinroot did gain support because of Bush strength in North Carolina, but this only helped make the race contested. However, Vinroot was unable to seize upon Bush†s support in North Carolina to become governor. Vinroot tried to play the connection with Bush to the fullest, thus making a late comeback. Unfortunately for Vinroot, several other factors caused Mike Easley to seize the election. The election showed that image, personality, and more importantly stance on issues wins votes rather than party affiliation. An important factor is swaying voters to Easley was his standing on important issues, especially the education issue. Easley was able to gain votes by strongly opposing tax-paid vouchers for education. In addition, Easley†s plan for education was more widely accepted including his pushing for a state lottery to pay for education. Some distinctions that caused the party splitting in North Carolina, was Easley†s stance on education. Image and personality also played key factors in Mike Easley†s election win. These traits where made apparent to voters in the campaigning through the numerous television ads and in the debate. Television ads played an important role in the campaigns of both candidates. Easley, due to better finance was able to run more television ads, allowing him to run more issue-focused ads. Conversely, Vinroot ran many ads attacking Easley in an effort to label him as a liberal, and associate of Al Gore. Vinroot†s attacks gave him an aggressive image, which hurt him in the election. Vinroot†s aggressive image was also apparent in the one television debate, Vinroot even grabbed Easley†s arm during the debate. Television ads also helped contribute to Mike Easley†s election win, especially the ads Easley ran the weekend before the election. Easley†s last television ads played upon the popularity of actor Andy Griffith, who endorsed Easley in those final ads. Image and personality are important to voters and these characteristics favored Mike Easley. The first North Carolina governor of the 21st century won an election that became tightly contested due to party affiliation. However, in the end it was not party affiliation that was the determining factor in the election. The determining factors in the election were the candidate†s stance on major issues, namely the issue of education, and the candidate†s image and personality. Richard Vinroot made the election contested by playing heavily on the popularity of George W. Bush; this did not however carry him into office. Voters broke party lines and voted for the candidate who best addressed their needs. Mike Easley was able to win because he promised to improve education without raising taxes due to a state lottery. Richard Vinroot had a chance in the gubernatorial election by trying to ride the coattails of George W. Bush, but when it came down to it voters concerned themselves not with party affiliation, but concerned themselves with the current issues, with the greatest emphasis on the issue of improving education. How to cite North Carolina Gubernatorial Election, Papers

Macbeth Novel Essays - Characters In Macbeth, English-language Films

Macbeth Novel Everyone who is mortal has at least one flaw. Some are more serious than others. For example, some people have addictions to gambling, while other people can't remember to put the milk away after they use it. After a while though, a person's flaws come back to haunt them. The tragedy MacBeth is no exception to this. In it, many of the character's die. And the reason is that they have a flaw, that would eventually lead to their downfall. Not every character is deserving of his fate though. Some characters have a minor flaw, which shouldn't lead to their death. But other's have a major flaw, which is would eventually lead them to their death anyway. The first Thane of Cawdor, is killed by MacBeth for trying to lead a revolution against England. His fatal flaw was that he was according to Ross, "a disloyal traitor". The thane of Cawdor was greedy, and wanted the throne of England for himself, and as a result was murdered. But his murder wasn't really disheartening, because the Thane of Cawdor, deserved his fate. He was leading a battle, in which many lost their lives, for the sake of greed, and deserved to die because of his flaw. Duncan was the King of England, and was murdered by MacBeth. He was murdered, because in order for MacBeth to fulfill his plan and become king, Duncan would have to die. Duncan's fatal flaw was that he was too trusting. For example, he thought that none of his friends could really be enemies. If Duncan was more careful about his safety at MacBeth's castle, he may have had a chance to survive. But Duncan's flaw, wasn't something so horrible that he should die. Most people need to trust each other more, and just because one person did, he shouldn't have to die. MacBeth's former best friend, Banquo was also killed by MacBeth. Banquo was killed, because he knew too much about the murder of Duncan. But that was not his fatal flaw. Banquo's fatal flaw was that although he knew that MacBeth killed Duncan, he really didn't do anything about it. There were many opportunities where Banquo could tell someone such as MacDuff what he thought about the murders. But Banquo didn't deserve death, just because he didn't act quickly in telling someone that MacBeth killed Duncan. Banquo knew that if he said anything, no one would believe him, and he would be executed. Lady MacBeth is MacBeth's wife. She is his coconspirator in killing Duncan. Although she helps MacBeth get the courage to commit the murder, she isn't willing to do it herself. She uses the excuse that Duncan looked too much like her father. Unlike MacBeth though, it is harder for Lady MacBeth to live with the fact that she helped cause the murder of the king. And in the end, it makes her so crazy that she commits suicide. Whether or not Lady MacBeth deserved her fate is a tricky question. Although she did encourage MacBeth to murder Duncan, she feels regret for her action. Also, she realized what she did was wrong. But in my opinion, she realized it a little too late, and Duncan was still dead so she did deserve her fate. MacBeth was the focus of the entire play, and that's why it was named after him. All of the problems start when he murder's Duncan. He commits the murder because of his fatal flaw, he is too ambitious. If he wasn't so ambitious and determined to be king, then he would never have killed Duncan. And if MacBeth didn't kill Duncan none of the other characters would die. MacBeth deserved his fate more than any other characters in the play. He did many things wrong. First he killed Duncan, then he killed Banquo. After that, MacBeth killed MacDuff's family. And worst of all, MacBeth disturbed the balance of nature. Also, MacBeth didn't feel any remorse until he was faced with death. If MacBeth just waited for his time, he would have been king, and have had a chance to enjoy it. Every character that died in MacBeth had one fatal flaw. The first Thane of Cawdor was a traitor. Duncan was too trusting. Banquo didn't do anything about the knowledge he had. Lady MacBeth helped plot the murder of Duncan. And MacBeth, destroyed the natural order and harmony of nature. But not all of the characters who died deserved to die because of their flaws. Duncan shouldn't have been punished for

The Problem of Opium in Persia essays

The Problem of Opium in Persia essays The League of Nations has among its many functions, to take over the supervision of international agreements such as the Hague Convention. . At the League's first meeting, an advisory committee on opium and other drugs was set up, with two functions; to collect and analyse information on the drug traffic, and to try to persuade member States to keep the regulations laid down to control it. The information collected, when analysed, revealed that La Motte's strictures had been justified. The Hague Convention was revealed as no more than a string of aspirations. That happend because the League can not have the pretention of creating restraining rules to countries and wait to see how the countries will handle those rules, some nations, for example, had pledged themselves to control the output of raw and prepared opium; but they had been careful not to say how, or when, mostly because they dont have the interest of doing such thing. India believes that opium is something that needs to be regulated, but dont understand what means can be taken to achieve such thing. A fair dabate will be the only way to find answers to this problem, that will not be resolved in the short term. Opium its a important economic factor in countries like China, India and Persia. As we all know, it will be an utopic way of thinking to just abolish opium. We know thats not what the League is proposing but we are afraid that this will be the solution. Besides all of the enconomic and social factors, Indian opium could produce admirable morphine and its decided that we are going to produce much of it to the consumption of the great British Empire and its colonies. Even though India is willing to fight the drug prodution and exportation of the illegal opium. ...

Heat of Vaporization Example Problem

Heat of Vaporization Example Problem Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to change the state of a substance from a  liquid into  a vapor or gas. It is also known as enthalpy of vaporization, with units typically given in joules (J) or calories (cal). This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the amount of energy required to turn a sample of water to steam. Heat of Vaporization Problem What is the heat in joules required to convert 25 grams of water into steam? What is the heat in calories?Useful information: Heat of vaporization of water 2257 J/g 540 cal/g Note:  You wont be expected to know enthalpy or heat values; they will be given in a problem or can be looked up in a table. Solution You can solve this problem  using either joules or calories for heat. Part IUse the formula  q m ·ÃŽâ€Hvwhereq heat energym massΔHv heat of vaporizationq (25 g)x(2257 J/g)q 56425 JPart IIq m ·ÃŽâ€Hfq (25 g)x(540 cal/g)q 13500 cal Answer The amount of heat required to change 25 grams of water into steam is 56425 joules or 13500 calories. A related example illustrates how to calculate the energy when water changes from solid ice into steam.

HNC Counselling. Graded Unit F1M 34 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HNC Counselling. Graded Unit F1M 34 - Coursework Example (150) The main problem is Fritz seems to be somewhat of an underachiever. He is giving up because his business is not going well, and now it is threatening to break up his whole family. Additionally, he has communication issues with his wife, not really knowing how to express himself well or share his feelings about what he wants to do with the business, when he should ideally let her know what he is thinking—especially wanting to make such a big life decision about selling the business and moving out of the city. Anna is right to want to have a divorce, as Fritz is being unreasonable. Further, he is not taking his parenting responsibilities seriously, and this is also a concern. Fritz, therefore, has three main problems: communicating with Anna, decision-making, and taking an active role in the development of his childrens’ upbringing. He needs work on these issues. Explanation of the theory. (250 words) The theories introduced here are humanistic theory and psychodyna mic theory, with Egan’s three-stage model as a way of understanding the theory. Humanistic theory is a very common theory which helps people understand one way to counsel others. â€Å"Many models of group work and organizational development have drawn heavily on humanistic theory† (Strawbridge, Woolfe, & Dryden, 2009, 142). Humanistic theory also has another name. ... There are â€Å"†¦verbal and nonverbal behaviours that enhance effective listening and communication† (Rennie, 1998, pp. 32). Psychodynamic counsellors notice behaviours and try to adapt these behaviours into more socially acceptable reactions. In the course of psychodynamic counselling, â€Å"†¦some behavioural patterns, and some feelings are unconscious [and the client may not be made aware of these until they are mentioned]† (Jacobs, 2004, pp. 101). Gerard Egan of Loyola University in Chicago developed a three-stage model, where the counselled individual must realize the present (â€Å"Where am I?†), the preferred (â€Å"Where do I want to be?†) and strategies for the future (â€Å"How do I get where I want to be?†). â€Å"Egan’s three-stage model can serve as a useful and practical map in counselling and a means of bringing structure to the process of counselling† (Burnard, 2005, pp. 127). Completion date and milestones. (65 words) The completion date for Fritz should be based on what he can do in how much time. Perhaps he should be given a finite date, a few months, in which to fix at least two of his problems—the communication issue with Ann and his inability to express himself well. The problem with Harry should be resolved sooner; Fritz should be encouraged to discipline him. Ethical principles in counselling. (100 words) In counselling, it’s important that the client’s boundaries are respected and that, obviously, one would not call Anna in order to let her know details of the counselling sessions unless Fritz allowed it. It would also be uncouth to offer parenting advice, tips, or admonitions, or otherwise tell Fritz outright how to run his life or manage his marriage. Those actions would be outside the

Individual Article Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Article Analysis - Assignment Example he author moves on to also highlight the importance of recognising the needs of the staff and also engaging every member of the staff to bring out the best among them all every single day. In the current times, the author mentions, it is the teams that tend to perform better and tend to bring out the brightest stars with the help of the top performers as team leads. The three steps as the author describes in the article to bring out the best among the employees with the least investments in the current day are: With the high economic slowdown, every company aims at gaining as much as possible from every single penny that is spent on employees. The article has gone on to conclude that if small portions of the revenues are pumped into the teams to improve the teamwork, the dividend and payout of this will be very high in the form of productivity and also morale (Weightman, 2009). Based on this article and also on the various literatures that are present for employee motivation and building of employee morale, it is safe to say that ‘Teamwork’ plays a very important role. However it is essential that employees of a team are aware of how their individual work would affect the success of the team and thereby affect the working of the employees (Locke). Based on all of this, the following can be some factors that can be used to help inspire, motivate and recognise the work and contribution of every employee and also help in building the morale of the employees. Leadership: One of the biggest factors that affect the morale of the employees are the leaders. Motivation is like a commitment and application of people at work. But all these mainly depend on leadership. It is firstly essential for managers to follow the old saying – Practice what you preach. Enthusiasm and Commitment to work: Managers should show enthusiasm by going and speaking to people instead of writing memos and pamphlets, papers. This however is not only for managers and is more so for all

Puumala Virus (PUUV) Genome Analysis

Puumala Virus (PUUV) Genome Analysis HANTAVIRUS PAPER REVIEW Summary A key concern of any viral vaccine research is the tremendous genetic diversity of the virus Hantaviruses are etiological agents generally known to cause two distinct human diseases: kidney affecting disease and heart affecting disease, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) sometimes called Nephropaphia epidemica (NE) in Eurasia and Americas hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) respectively. These viruses are heterologous (heterologous transmission from animals to humans (zoonosis)) which belong to the hantavirus genus, family Bunyavidae normally they make up four genera Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus,   Nairovirus, Phlebovirus and Tospovirus. The genome of hantaviruses consist of three segments which are negative-strand of RNA, small (S) 1821-1830 nucleotides (nt), medium (M) 3682 nt and large (L) 6530-6562 nt encoding for nucleocapsid (N) protein, glycoprotein molecule (GPC) Gn, Gc proteins   and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, respectively. This study characterises the full genome of a Russian hantavirus discovered both in infected humans and small animals, Puumala virus (PUUV). PUUV is considered a prime etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome sometimes referred to nephropaphia epidemica in Russia and Eurasia. Mostly, all hantavirus diseases in human have a fatality rate ranging from mild to severe with an intriguingly percentage rate from 0.1% up to 50%,   the symptom outcome of the disease   heavily depend on the geographic location of an infected person. Precisely, in the republic of Tatarstan, Russia the strain of Puumala virus has shown significance increase as human pathogens resulting to the acquiring of the status as emerging virus. PUUV in the republic of Tatarstan, Russia, has become a serious life-threatening hantavirus causing HFRS with high fatality rate of up to 12%, especially in the Volga region. The spectrum of illnesses caused by hantaviruses varies with the particular virus involved(Hantavirus infection: a global zoonotic challenge paper). It is reported that the high peak of Puumala virus comes with the high agricultural activities of this region during of which Bank vole mouse (Clethrionomys glareolus) the etiological agent of HFRS rapidly multiply. Normally, hantavirus, Puumala virus (PUUV) is transmitted to human by coming into contact with contaminated materials like faecal matter, blood dropped by an infected rodent and through aerosolised contaminated air and by bite of a carrier infected rodent. In the case of the strain of Puumala virus in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, the strain is dropped by notorious reservoir rodent specie found in the surrounding environment either near homes or in the fields, Bank vole mouse (Clethrionomys glareolus). It has to be noted here that most hantaviruses are transmitted to human by small animals themselves with an exceptional of Andes virus which can be transmitted from human to human. In South America the case of Andes virus has been reported to be transmitted from human to human. Intriguingly, other species of hantaviruses, Dobrava-belgrade (DOBV) virus with its sub-species isolated in Europe, and Tula virus (TULV) are seriously detected and isolated in Russian and know to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and in Europe the syndrome is called Nephropaphia epidemica. Dobrava-belgrade is known to be associated with yellow naked-mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) this specie is the most life-threatening hantavirus. Other dobrava-belgrade species, DOBV-Af, DOBV-Aa and DOBV-Ap are associated with A. flavicollis (Af), A. agrarious (Aa) and A. ponticus (Ap) respectively. All these species cause HFRS from mild to severe mode of disease. PUUV form distinct phylogenetic leanage, in line with the natural host, bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). The strain of Puumala virus is heavily isolated in Ufa, Samara,..parts of Russia both in human and small animals, in human as they thrive causing the dangerous form of human disease, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) Introduction Hantaviruses If you hear a feminine voice thinks of a beautiful lady, what if this time the feminine voice is of a man [1]. Hantaviruses have been limited to the genus hantavirus under bunyaviridae family which give rise to several number of species viruses Puumala virus (PUUV) [2], Dobrava virus (DOBV), Tula Virus, puumala virus (PUUV) Saaremaa virus (SAAV), and Seoul virus (SEOV) are commonly know hantaviruses to be circulating in Europe and Russia [3-5]. However, the agent rodents Hantaviruses are morphologically classified as follows; order rodential, families crecitidae and muridae. Its now a known fact that rodents are not the only hantavirus reservoirs. Researchers have found hantaviruses insects which belong to the lipotyphra order, soriciodae familys and Talpidae[6]. Further, with the recently isolated Bat-borne Hantavirus in China, laibin virus ( LBV) chyroptera order has given a strong predictive assumption that hanataviruses could be found in other animals like cow, [6]. The black bea rd tomb bat hantaviruses isolated in china gave a discrete relation to the previously known hantaviruses. Heavily depending on the geographical location of an infected person, the outcomes of hantavirus infection are well classified human diseases: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) sometimes referred to nephropathia epidemical mostly in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) normally called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas [7] (dissertation Nina Luteka 2010). [1] As the onset of the diseases advances the changes in the vascular permeability is highly noticed, defects in platelet function and acute thrombocytopenia intrinsically can also be observed which is associated with high fever and hemorrhage. However, with the global health threat of hantavirus it has triggered serious research mainly focusing on the vulnerability of the endothelial cells when attacked by hantaviruses. Needless to say, less viral cytopathic effect is observed on the endothelial cells after hantavirus infection. (dissertation Nina Luteka 2010). The mechanism underlying these drastically changes in platelet as the pathogen advances drastically pooling down the immune system and how the hantaviruses trigger interference in the immune system greatly remain futile and poorly understood. hantaviruses have been discovered in insects which acts as the host vector (HO2), hantaviruses in the reservoirs cause asymptomatic completely they do not show any symptom in the natural host. We characterized genome of puumala virus discovered both in human and rodents Diseases Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses that infect human through rodents contact; in rodents they dont cause diseases but when human come into contact with infected rodent through smelling the excretes or inhalation of infected hair from the rodents induces human diseases known as; Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome found in Europe, the agent viruses for this disease are: Dobrava virus (DOBV)-Belgrade, Puumala, Saaremaa, Sochi, and Seoul virus which is recently reported [8],these viruses are considered to be old world viruses, Bulgaria is one of the country were Hemorrhagic with renal syndrome is endemic but the virus has never been found in the natural rodent reservoir [8] however, Eastern Russia, Korea and China has the highest cases of HFRS caused by HTNV, SEOV, and ASV. Nephropathia epidemical diseases, a rodent disease found in human who gets infected after coming in contact with infected rodents and this disease has the symptoms of the hemorrhageic fever with renal syndrome which makes it to be referred to as same as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome [2] has continued to be life threatening in the republic of Tatarstan since its first identified in 1997. Epidemiological study on Nephropathia epidemical between 1997 and 2013 in the republic of Tatarstan, Russia gives an account that NE mostly affect male adults due to the agricultural activities during which myodes graleorus (bank vole) the natural reservoir of NE causing agents population increases [9]. It is revealed that the higher epidemic of hantaviruses in the Republic of Tatarstan is due to the supportive mating environment of small animals (bank voles) and increase in agriculture activities. Myodes galeorus shows high population rate during this time of agricultural activities and are a genetic variant prevalence for hantavirus in this region. However, the severity (or the fatality, the outcome) and the kind of disease or the infection involved mainly depends on several factors; The place infection take place The pathogenicity of the agents The genetic makeup (or the genetic predisposition of the host) Diversity of the agents [1] Geographical of the infection acquired Not all known rodent and insect hantaviruses cause disease in human [3] and the treatment for this dangerous hantavirus infection remains futile. The reasons for the variation of severity between virus species/genotypes and in individual patients are not yet known. Diverse determinants concerning virusand patient-specific characteristics may play a role in the pathogenesis. Differences in the use of entry receptors, in the regulation of cytokine response and in viral replication were described to be associated with pathogenicity [8-11]. Studies with genetic reassortants in vitro and in animal models suggest molecular determinants to be responsible for virulence [5, 12]. However, the speciesspecific factors of hantaviruses that are responsible for pathogenicity and clinical picture are not identified so far. Interestingly, the pathogenicity of related viruses of DOBV genotypes differs enormously with case fatality rates (CFRs) between 0.3%-0.9% for DOBV genotype Kurkino and 14.5% for DOBV genotype Sochi [13]. In addition to severe courses that are linked to specific virus species or genotypes, several serious cases were reported for infection with PUUV that usually causes a milder form of hantavirus disease [14, 15]. These infections often involve extrarenal manifestations [16, 17]. From (Clinical characterization of two severe cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by hantaviruses Puumala and Dobrava-Belgrade genotype Sochi paper) Hantaviruses evolution Hantaviruses within the family bunyaviridae are different from other member viruses in the sense that they are roboviruses (ROdent-BOrne viruses) signifying that they are hosted by small animals which act as the host reservoirs (vector). Other bunyaviridae virus members are arborviruses (arthropod viruses) transmitted by arthropod to human [10-12] . the circulation of hantaviruses throughout the continent has been triggerd by a number of activities which account for from human movements to the events of the world. These activities also account for the evolution of hantaviruses. However, it is believed that hantaviruses co-evolved together with their reservoirs animal more than 10 million years ago. The genetic diversity of hantaviruses came about by genetic mutation on the genome of the virus producing quasispecies which happened through deletions or insertion of new nucleotides. It is further, shown that the genetic diversity came about by reasortments of the same two viruses genome within the host and by the homologous recombination of the viruses with each other [12-14]. Evolution of hantavirus in the host (rodents) depends on the number of factors which greatly help them to thrive as they live within the host rodents or insects these factors include: the destict environment which act as a life supporting of rodent, there events that are believed to contribute to the evolvement of different kind of rodents, such as glaciations events.   Deglaciation events triggered the movements of rodents in the northern hemisphere southern hemisphere as the small animals migrated from one place to the other caused mutation to occurred in the host themselves and equally in the strain producing distinct kind of hantaviruses in the end causing permanent genetic variations in the population of the hantaviruses. Needless to say, human do not act as the host range of hantaviruses instead they are dead-end point of hantaviruses. Thereafter, hantaviruses do not evolve after inf ecting human vectors, its either they die together with the an infected body or they are wiped off from the human body.[11] Symptoms PUUV -circulating in Northern and Central Europe, Baltics, the part of Russia Europe and the Alpe- Adrian region; High fever Back pain Renal impairment DOBV- mostly circulating in Balkan countries and Alped-Adrian region has the following symptoms Severe illness Hemorrhage High fever Acute renal failure Dialysis may be required Fatality rate reaches 10% PUUV -circulating in Northern and Central Europe, Baltics, the part of Russia Europe and the Alpe- Adrian region; High fever Back pain Renal impairment Structure (morphology) The new era of elucidating the etiological agent of human disease hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), emerged when the strain of puumala virus was isolated from the Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Europe 199.., and the discovery of the four canners hantavirus in USA 1996. However, thanks to the famous and prolonged scientific work of Lee at el who isolated the first agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever, hantaan virus, from the autopsy lungs of striped field mice (apodemus agrarius) in 1978 after two decades of work [15]. Hantaviruses virion is lipid enveloped, covered and protected by polymorphic protein membrane nucleoprotein. The virion of hantavirus species are spherical shaped 80-110 nm in diameter [16-19]. Tripartite segmented negative-sense single stranded RNA genome comprising small (S), medium (M) and large (L) [20-22]. Small (S)-segment is the smallest segment and encodes for the nucleoprotein of 1821-1830 nucleotides the protein have 433 amino acids (aa) [22-2 4]. Medium (M)-segment encodes for the glycoprotein, large (L)-segment encodes for the RNA dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), of 3682 nt the glycoprotein precursor which covers the medium segment has 1148 amino acid, RdRp have 2156 aa, respectively [22-24] [6-10]. Furthermore, the small (S) segment however, has further an overlapping open reading frame (ORF) with a putative NSs protein of 90 aa [16, 20, 22, 24, 25] The lipid envelope bounded with viral glycoproteins covers nucleocapsids and RNA dependent RNA-polymerase.   Transmission The transmission of hantaviruses is done horizontally in specific human become affected by inhalation contaminated air, smelling of excreta of infected rodents and by direct contact with infected rodents. This can be realized through different situations: first domestication situation were an infected rodent happen to be in the house and leave some excreta, when in habitant come into contact with these materials they become infected, secondly through camping and agriculture this kind of situation amount to 70% of all kind of situation where people become infected. Natural reservoir Puumala virus is known to be harbored by the wild small animal called bank vole, myodes glareolus, DOBV, yellow field mouse; apodemus flavicollis, HTNV and a SAAV striped field mouse, apodemus agrarius (koreae and agrarius, respectively). SOCHV caused by black sea mouse, Apodemus ponticus; ASV Korean mouse field, apodemus penisulae; SEOV Norway rats, rattus norvegicus [3, 8] Hantavirus history Within a century modern world renascence between 1900 and 2000 the world witnessed the two major outbreak of diseases designated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, sometimes referred to nephropathia epidenmica and cardiopulmonary syndrome all presumably caused by small animal rodents. The outbreak caused global human health threat before its agents where properly defined. It became an emerging potential human biological weapon disease because of its mass infections and its anthropoid vector which lead to the virus to thrive in its host reservoirs, without showing any sign of infection. The health hazardous outbreak led to the discovery of hantaviruses worldwide later categorized into two old and new world hantaviruses. Needless, to claim that hantaviruses evolutionarised only between this period, the signs and symptoms of these etiological agents disease in human hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome where long ago described noticed and can be seen in Chinese literature of 10th century and the Russian archives show the description of the disease as early as 1913 in Vladivastok. Lee et al, while working on the early reported severe or mild form of hemorrhagic fever, isolated the etiological agent believed to have induced high fever called Korean hemorrhagic fever near Hantaan River, Korea in 1978. The initial isolation of the agent of KHF led to the designating name hantavirus derived from the hantaan river the place where it was discovered. The highly published anticipated discovery of 1978 proved the earlier noticed hemorrhagic fever in 1951-1953 and gave the new era in the understanding of etiological agents human disease, HFRS and HPS in the world of health hazardous biological weapon. Needless, to say more than 3000 UN soldiers were diagnosed with high fever in the course of Korean War which lasted for 3- 4 years from 1951-53. Throughout, decades of research these zoonosis viruses were not well known However, afte r thorough research, until late 1981 the virus was known to have its own clade and belonged to bunyaviridae family, unlike other viruses hantaviruses research revealed that they did not have arthropod vector, hence they formed their own genus of hantavirus in the family bunyavidae and they exclusively maintained their residing reservoir rodents. Hence the new zoonotic Hantavirus emerged and was restricted to the old world viruses. This was proved wrong in 1993, the world experienced the outbreak of hantaviruses related diseases which triggered the malfunction of the respiratory system, high fever and severe heart damage in the unfortunate patients infected with hantaviruses. This lead to the conviction of world researchers that hantaviruses are actively circulating in the region earlier than there isolation in 1993, in the four corners of the Americas. Seoul virus transmitted by rat-borne mouse in Asia was described, an etiological agent specie of hantavirus causing HFRS in 1980 after the description of hantaan virus from striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) which started in 1976. This pioneered discovery came after a carefully long research and isolating the virus from the rat-borne mouse captured in the demilitarized battle field of Korea. The etiological agent of nephropaphia epidemical characterized in Europe was termed puumala virus, isolated from a bank vole striped field mouse initially called clethrionomys glareolus and later renamed myodes glareolus. 25 years later, the etiological agent of human disease hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, Hantaan virus was identified from†¦..after the four corner outbreak in the united state in 1993 and this led to the discovery of another hantavirus specie called no name virus later renamed Sin Nombre virus. It is estimated that there hantavirus cases yearly go beyond 1500000 gl obally, with almost half of these cases occurs in the peoples republic of china. Since the definition of hantaviruses more than 22 species of hantaviruses known to be pathogen in humans have been clearly categorized and accepted by the international Committee of Virus Taxonomy. With the suspicions of been engineered spread the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warn of hantaviruses to be possible potential biological weapons. The world health organization   in 1983 initiated the use of HFRS to represent all etiological symptomatic diseases believed to cause HFRS restricted in the Eurasia later called old world. Mostly, HFRS displayed symptoms such as chills, headache, high fever, generalized myalgia, back and abdominal pain and hemorrhagic presentation. Because of its epidemiological and worldwide distribution, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome initially had several names before 1983. Most terms used were epidemic hemorrhagic fever, Korean hemorrhagic fever and the alike symptomatic disease was called nephropathia epidemica in china, Korea and (USSR, Scandinavia and Europe) respectively. Hantaviruses clinical presentation Normally incubation of Hantaviruses human infection takes 2 to 3 weeks. The results of infection are the two distinct severe or mild forms of diseases: hemorrhagic renal with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Eurasian countries and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the American Countries. HFRS and Nephropaphia Epidemical are the severe form of hemorrhagic fever developed when infected with Euraisan kinds of Hantaviruses, patients present kidney failure, high fever, and internal bleeding as the main symptoms which results to the death of the patient[7]. Apart from kidney failure and high fever, affected humans present symptoms which include chills, vomiting, headache, dizziness, nausea, non-productive cough, gastrointestinal symptoms. A half percent of the patients display prolonged diarrhea, malaise and lightheadness, other presentations include back pain, arthralgias, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath, tachiypnea, tachycardia and fever. However, the main cause of death is the develo pment of disseminated intravascular congulation and internal bleeding. Table 1.   Clinical manifestation of Hemorrhagic Fever with renal syndrome [HemorrhagicFeverwithRenalSyndrome:PathogenesisandClinicalPicture Hong Jiang 1, HongDu1, LiM.Wang2, PingZ.Wang1* and XueF.Bai 1*] Incubation period takes 2-3 weeks HFRS Phase 1. Febrile Hemorrhage Flushing Headache Conjuctival injection Backache Albuminuria Azotema Present of antibodies IgM Eye pain Platelet decreased Petechial rash Immune complexes Fever Flushing Chills Conjuctival injection Myalgia Albuminuria Malaise Present of antibodies IgM Phase 2. Hypotension Kinin Complement activation Nausea Disseminated intrascular congulation Vomiting Vascular leakage Bleeding Acute shock Phase 3. Oliquric Disseminated intrasecular congulation (DI) Hypervolemia Kidney failure Pneumonia Phase 4. Diuretic Improved renal function Pulmonary complication Shock Death or improvement Phase 5. Convalescent Recovery period Table 2. Bunyavidae family classifications Common Reservoir Host Genus Common Species Country endemic Animal vertebrate bunyavirus Bunyamwera virus La Crosse virus Tahyna virus Akabane virus Oropouche virus Animal vertebrate Hantavirus Hantaan virus Sin Nombre virus Andes virus Puumala, Dobrava Americas Eurasia Animal vertebrate Nairovirus Dugbe virus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Nairobi sheep disease virus Eurasia, Africa Animal vertebrate Phlebovirus Rift Valley fever virus Rift Valley fever virus Sandly fever-Sicilian virus Plants Tospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus Tomato spotted wilt virus Table 3: Hantaviruses genus classification Virus(serotype) Endemic area and reservoir distribution Disease Rodent vector Mortality (%) Puumala (PUUV) Eurasia (Old World) HFRS/NE Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) 0.1-1 Dobrava-Belgrade (DOBV) South and East Europe, Balkan countries and the middle East (Old World) HFRS Yellow naked-mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) 9-12 Dobrava (DOBV) Central, East and north of Europe (Old World) HFRS Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) Low Hantaan (HTN) Central, East and north of Europe, Eastern Russia,Tien Shan Mtns Caucasian,   China, north and south Korea (Old World) HFRS Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) 10-15 Seoul (SEOV) World Wide (Old World) HFRS Rattus norvegicus and rattus 3-15 Tula (TUL) Europe (Old World) HFRS/? Microtus arvalis Low Amur Eastern Russia, Eastern Asia and Siberia (Old World) HFRS Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsula) Low Andes (ANDV) South America (Argentina, Uruguay, Chile) (New World) HPS Oligoryzomys longicaudatus 35-56 Sin Nombre (SN) USA, Canada (New World) HPS Peromyscus maniculatus grassland 40-60 Prospect Hill(PH) (New World) USA, Canada HPS/? Mricrotus pennsylvanicus (Meadow vole) New York (NY) (New World) USA, Canada HPS Peromyscus   leucopus low Khabarosk (KHB) Russia , Asia (Old World) HFRS/? Microtus fortis (reed vole) low Thottapalayam (TPM) India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Japan (Old World) HFRS/? Suncus murinus (musk shrew) Monongahela USA, Mexico, Canada (New World) HPS Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer mouse) low Black Creen Canal (BCCV) USA, Venesuala, Peru, (New World) HPS Sigmodon hispidus low Bayou   (BAYV) USA (Louisiana), (New World) HPS Oryzomys palustris Sigmodontinae (Rice rat) low Araraquara (ARAV) South America (Brazil) (New World) HPS Bolomys lasiurus low Muleshoe USA (New World) HPS Sigmodon hispidus Low Lechiguanas South America (Argentina), Brazil

German Indian Partnership for IT Systems Essay

Very good morning to all of you and a warm greetings on behalf of Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable transportation and urban Planning (CiSTUP), Indian Institute of Science and National Academy of Science and Engineering Germany (ACATECH).. Today we have guests of honour Mr. Rolf Saligmann, German General Consul, Bangalore, Mr. Subir Hari Singh IAS, Addl. Chief Secretary, Govt. of Karnataka, Dr. Christian Aulbach, Science and Technology Counselor, German Embassy, Delhi, Dr. A. Ravindra IAS, Advisor to Chief Minister, Govt. of Karnataka. We also have on the dias Prof. Dr. Otthein Herzog, Executive Board member, National Academy of Science and Engineering, Germany who is the main brain behind this event. We also have Prof. B.N. Raghunandan, Divisional Chair, Earth and Environmental Sciences, IISc who will preside over the function. Warm welcome to other dignitaries off-the dias, Guests and Invitees, press and TV persons, my dear colleagues and students, Ladies and Gentlemen. A warm welcome to all of you from CiSTUP which is started in 2009 with a generous support from Govt of Karnataka in particular BMTC, KSRTC, BDA and NERTC. In about 2 years, we have started a masters programme in transportation and infrastructure engineering, carried out many research and consultancy projects for the Govt of Karnataka and others, organized many conferences, symposium, brain storming sessions and round table meetings to address issues related with our cities in particular urban issues. CiSTUP has grown into a full fledge centre having more than 50 scientists/researchers and students associated with the centre carrying out many important research projects which is of interest to our city, state and the country in the areas of infrastructure, transportation and urban planning. We are organizing a Symposium and a workshop as part of German Indian Partnership for IT Systems (GRIP IT) on the 19th (today) and 20th May (tomorrow) respectively, The symposium is on – ‘Smart Mobility and Energy Concepts for Megacities’. The GRIP IT Workshop on Smart cities is planned  for 20th May 2011 at the Institute and it is restricted to selected and invited participation from industry and academicians. GRIP IT project is planned to act as a catalyst for future research and development collaborations between India and Germany by bringing together the German and Indian partners from the world of academics and industry and to provide a platform for networking. The focus of the initiatives are around the theme ‘Smart Cities’ – the various topics, technologies and the potential research and development potentials in and around the theme. The objective of the workshop is to further deepen our initiatives towards establishing a joint team of German and Indian research and industry partners to pursue high potential research topics of common interest to both countries and to explore possibilities of submitting joint proposals under the EU research framework programme. Towards the objective of identifying the right topics for a potential joint research initiative, we have initiated two studies – one on mobility and the other on energy. The results of the study would be presented at the workshop tomorrow to help focus on the right topics and to work on the next steps towards joint research proposals. It gives me great pleasure to welcome the dignitaries on the dias and off the dias to this Inaugural function of â€Å"Symposium on – ‘Smart Mobility and Energy Concepts for Megacities’. This is a joint initiative of CiSTUP and ACATECH, Germany. It is a great occasion for CiSTUP, IISc and ACATCEH to come together to start a joint collaborations in the area of smart cities. We would like to take this opportunity to express our hearty welcome, on my behalf and on our Institute’s behalf, to Honorable Consul General Rolf Saligmann for honoring our invitation to be the chief guest of this function and inaugurate the symposium. German Consular General is very supportive for such activities leading to large scale indo-german colloborations. We extend a warm welcome and present a bouquet of flowers to Mr. Rolf Saligmann, Consul General of the Federal Republic of Germany. We also welcome Mr. Subir Hari Singh IAS, Addl. Chief Secretary, Govt. of  Karnataka and commissioner BMRDA, who is always supportive for such developmental initiatives and for accepting to grace this function and deliver his address. We present a bouquet of flowers to Mr. Subir Hari Singh. A warm welcome to Dr. Christian Aulbach, Science and Technology Counselor, German Embassy, Delhi, for this function. We present a bouquet of flowers to Dr. Christian Aulbach. A warm welcome to Dr. A. Ravindra IAS, Advisor to Chief Minister, Govt. of Karnataka, who is always supportive for such initiatives in CiSTUP and at the institute, we thank him for accepting to grace this function and deliver his address. We present a bouquet of flowers to welcome Dr. A. Ravindra. 2 Hearty welcome to Prof. B.N. Raghunandan for accepting our invitation to be with us today as a President of the function. We welcome him and present a bouquet of flowers to Prof. B.N. Raghunandan. We miss amongst us our beloved Director Prof.P. Balaram and Associate Director Prof. N. Balakrishnan, who are very supportive for such activities, who are unable to be here with us today due to other engagements. Hearty welcome to Prof. Dr. Otthein Herzog, Executive Board member, National Academy of Science and Engineering, Germany who has spent lot of time with me in coordinating this event. We extend hearty welcome and present a bouquet of flowers to Prof. Dr. Otthein Herzog. We have many distinguished professors, academicians and leading persons from germany and India. Also we have leading persons from R&D groups and Industry amongst us. Hearty welcome to all the speakers from Germany, India and also Officers of ACATECH and Dr. Ulrich Golgzback, Mr. mathew Joseph, Project manager at ACATECH. Special welcome to all the dignitaries off the dais and Invitees from the Govt of Karnataka, BMTC, BDA, KSRTC, DULT and Indian Institute of Science for taking the time off from their busy schedule to grace this function. We welcome press, TV persons, and officers of our institute, my colleagues from the centre and department, students and other invitees. Once again I extend hearty welcome to all of you for this inaugural function of the Symposium. ONCE AGAIN I EXTEND A WELCOME TO YOU ALL. Sitharam =========================== Prof. T.G. Sitharam, Ph.D.(Canada), FIGS, FIE; Chairman, Centre for infrastructure Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning (CiSTUP) and PROFESSOR Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012, INDIA Tel.No.+91-80-23602261 / 22932919 ; Fax no. 080 – 2360 2261 (phone/fax) / FAX no. 0802360 0404 (dept) email: sitharam@civil.iisc.ernet.in (preferred) / proftgs@gmail.com. web URL: http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~sitharam ; mobile: 9448273751

Organizational Culture And Employee Engagement Essay

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